2013

Kulmala, Ilpo; Heinonen, Kimmo

Accidental or malevolent releases of chemical, biological, radiological or nuclear (CBRN) materials are rare, but their consequences can be devastating. Worldwide political instability together with emerging technologies, environmental changes and continuing globalisation with ever-increasing travel, trade and transport of goods across borders are placing growing burdens on our security environment and preparedness. This research expands our current knowledge of potential CBRN scenarios and their consequences and identifies adaptive and cost-efficient solutions for critical infrastructure and civilian protection against various CBRNE incidents.