History of Winter: People and Climate in Finland from a Seasonal Perspective during the Industrial Transformation The project examines the industrial transformation of society in the freezing climate of the North and the significance of this transformation for the cultural meanings of winter. The project investigates interaction between climate and society through a seasonal lens, in general, and the history of winter, in particular. The industrialization and urbanization of the North necessitated a fundamental transformation in this relationship leveraging winter's features rather than succumbing to its constraints. The project investigates the industrialization of winter, spanning from macro-level societal changes to meso-level sectoral variations and micro-level experiences of winter. The project includes three work packages that focus on shipping, rural life and urban life. The fourth WP addresses theoretical questions of weather, seasonality, and its change.

2024

2028